Camellia L.
山茶属 · Theaceae
- 接受名
- Camellia L.
- 首次发表
- Sp. Pl.: 698 (1753)
- 科
- Theaceae
- 接受种数
- 245（其中天然杂交种 4）
- 原生分布
- 24 个 TDWG 区划，热带与亚热带亚洲
- 俗名
- 山茶属
- 数据库
- POWO · IPNI · WCVP · Catalogue of Life · GBIF
概述
山茶属 Camellia 属山茶科，Kew 记载的原生范围是热带与亚热带亚洲。Kew 经济植物收藏为本属记录的俗名里有 Assam tea、green tea、black tea：茶树也在这个属里。
花店和庭园里的山茶主要是 C. japonica，WCVP 记它原生于中国华北中部和东南部、台湾、日本（含琉球群岛）和朝鲜半岛。
分类与命名
林奈 1753 年在《植物种志》中发表本属，属级异名见下表。本页头图是 1788 年 Curtis 植物学杂志第 42 图，正文名为 “Camellia Japonica. Rose Camellia”。
| 属名 | 发表出处 |
|---|---|
| Calpandria Blume | Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 178 (1825) |
| Camelliastrum Nakai | J. Jap. Bot. 16: 699 (1940) |
| Dankia Gagnep. | Notul. Syst. (Paris) 8: 131 (1939) |
| Desmitus Raf. | Sylva Tellur.: 139 (1838) |
| Drupifera Raf. | Sylva Tellur.: 140 (1838) |
| Piquetia Hallier f. | Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2. 39: 162 (1921) |
| Salceda Blanco | Fl. Filip., ed. 2.: 374 (1845) |
| Sasanqua Nees | P.F.von Siebold, Nippon 4: 13 (1834) |
| Stereocarpus Hallier f. | Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2. 39: 162 (1921) |
| Thea L. | Sp. Pl.: 515 (1753) |
| Theaphylla Raf. | Med. Fl. 2: 267 (1830) |
| Theopsis (Cohen-Stuart) Nakai | J. Jap. Bot. 16: 704 (1940) |
| Tsia Adans. | Fam. Pl. 2: 450 (1763) |
| Yunnanea Hu | Acta Phytotax. Sin. 5: 282 (1956) |
分布
WCVP 记录本属原生于 24 个 TDWG 植物地理区划，另有 14 个区划为引入或归化。
阿萨姆孟加拉国婆罗洲柬埔寨中国中北部中国中南部中国东南部东喜马拉雅海南日本朝鲜半岛老挝小巽他群岛缅甸南西诸岛尼泊尔菲律宾Solomon Is.斯里兰卡苏拉威西台湾泰国西藏越南
引入或归化
安达曼群岛阿根廷东北部阿肯色玻利维亚埃塞俄比亚Guinea几内亚湾诸岛印度胡安·费尔南德斯群岛毛里求斯留尼汪Seychelles特立尼达和多巴哥土耳其（亚洲部分）
接受种名录
WCVP 接受 245 个种，名称中带 × 的是天然杂交种。数目随分类修订变化，核对日期 2026-10-24。
展开全部 245 个接受种
| 学名 | 本站资料 |
|---|---|
| Camellia alpina S.S.Ying | |
| Camellia amplexicaulis (Pit.) Cohen-Stuart | |
| Camellia amplexifolia Merr. & Chun | |
| Camellia anderseniae Orel | |
| Camellia andrefrancisii Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia anlungensis Hung T.Chang | |
| Camellia annamensis N.S.Lý, V.D.Luong, N.D.Do, T.H.Lê & Thi L.Nguyen | |
| Camellia assimiloides Sealy | |
| Camellia aurea Hung T.Chang | |
| Camellia azalea C.F.Wei | |
| Camellia bidoupensis Truong, Luong & Tran | |
| Camellia brevistaminata Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia brevistyla (Hayata) Cohen-Stuart | |
| Camellia bugiamapensis Orel, Curry, Luu & Q.D.Nguyen | |
| Camellia candida Hung T.Chang | |
| Camellia capitata Orel, Curry & Luu | |
| Camellia cattienensis Orel | |
| Camellia caudata Wall. | |
| Camellia celebica (Warb. ex Kochs) S.S.Ying | |
| Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu | |
| Camellia cherryana Orel | |
| Camellia chinmeiae S.L.Lee & T.Y.A.Yang | |
| Camellia chrysanthoides Hung T.Chang | |
| Camellia columna Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia compacta Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia concinna Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia connata (Craib) Craib | |
| Camellia corallina (Gagnep.) Sealy | |
| Camellia cordifolia (F.P.Metcalf) Nakai | |
| Camellia costata S.Y.Hu & S.Y.Liang | |
| Camellia costei H.Lév. | |
| Camellia crapnelliana Tutcher | |
| Camellia crassipes Sealy | |
| Camellia crassiphylla Ninh & Hakoda | |
| Camellia crassisepala Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia crispula Hung T.Chang | |
| Camellia cupiformis T.L.Ming | |
| Camellia cuspidata (Kochs) Bean | |
| Camellia daeseobii V.C.Nguyen & Vuong | |
| Camellia dakplaoensis Luu, T.T.H.Nguyen & The H.Nguyen | |
| Camellia dalatensis V.D.Luong, Ninh & Hakoda | |
| Camellia danhducii V.D.Luong, Vuong & V.C.Nguyen | |
| Camellia debaoensis R.C.Hu & Y.Q.Liufu | |
| Camellia dilinhensis Ninh & V.D.Luong | |
| Camellia discorsa Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia dormoyana (Pierre) Sealy | |
| Camellia drupifera Lour. | |
| Camellia edithae Hance | |
| Camellia elizabethae Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia elongata (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Rehder | |
| Camellia erubescens Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia euphlebia Merr. ex Sealy | |
| Camellia euryoides Lindl. | |
| Camellia exigua Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia fangchengensis S.Ye Liang & Y.C.Zhong | |
| Camellia fansipanensis J.M.H.Shaw, Wynn-Jones & V.D.Nguyen | |
| Camellia fascicularis Hung T.Chang | |
| Camellia flava (Pit.) Sealy | |
| Camellia flavida Hung T.Chang | |
| Camellia fleuryi (A.Chev.) Sealy | |
| Camellia flosculora Curry, V.S.Le, T.Q.Cuong & V.D.Luong | |
| Camellia fluviatilis Hand.-Mazz. | |
| Camellia foleyana Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia forrestii (Diels) Cohen-Stuart | |
| Camellia fragilis Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia fraterna Hance | |
| Camellia fulva Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia furfuracea (Merr.) Cohen-Stuart | |
| Camellia gaudichaudii (Gagnep.) Sealy | |
| Camellia gilbertii (A.Chev.) Sealy | |
| Camellia glabricostata T.L.Ming | |
| Camellia gracilipes Merr. ex Sealy | |
| Camellia grandibracteata Hung T.Chang, Y.J.Tan, F.L.Yu & P.S.Wang | |
| Camellia granthamiana Sealy | |
| Camellia grijsii Hance | |
| Camellia guanwuensis S.S.Ying | |
| Camellia gymnogyna Hung T.Chang | |
| Camellia hagiangensis Q.U.Le & T.T.Le | |
| Camellia hainanica Y.L.Zhao & Z.G.Xu | |
| Camellia hainingii S.X.Yang & Y.S.Huang | |
| Camellia hamyenensis Ninh & Le | |
| Camellia harlandii Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia hatinhensis V.D.Luong, Ninh & L.T.Nguyen | |
| Camellia hekouensis C.J.Wang & G.S.Fan | |
| Camellia hiemalis Nakai | |
| Camellia hiepii V.S.Dang, Vuong, V.C.Nguyen & V.D.Luong | |
| Camellia hirsuta Hakoda & Ninh | |
| Camellia hoabinhensis V.D.Luong, Ninh & V.T.Pham | |
| Camellia hoangbacii V.C.Nguyen & Vuong | |
| Camellia honbaensis Luu, Q.D.Nguyen & G.Tran | |
| Camellia hongiaoensis Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia hongkongensis Seem. | |
| Camellia hsinpeiensis S.S.Ying | |
| Camellia huana T.L.Ming & W.J.Zhang | |
| Camellia huulungensis Rosmann & Ninh | |
| Camellia ilicifolia Y.K.Li | |
| Camellia illia Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia impressinervis Hung T.Chang & S.Ye Liang | |
| Camellia indochinensis Merr. | |
| Camellia ingens Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia insularis Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia × intermedia (Tuyama) Nagam. | |
| Camellia inusitata Orel, Curry & Luu | |
| Camellia japonica L. | 2 张图版 |
| Camellia × kamoshibori M.Hiroe | |
| Camellia kirinoi Ninh | |
| Camellia kissi Wall. | |
| Camellia krempfii (Gagnep.) Sealy | |
| Camellia kwangsiensis Hung T.Chang | |
| Camellia lanceolata (Blume) Seem. | |
| Camellia langbianensis (Gagnep.) P.H.Hô | |
| Camellia laotica (Gagnep.) T.L.Ming | |
| Camellia lasiostyla (Warb. ex Kochs) S.S.Ying | |
| Camellia latifolia Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia lawii Sealy | |
| Camellia leptophylla S.Ye Liang ex Hung T.Chang | |
| Camellia lienthuongiae V.D.Luong, Vuong & V.C.Nguyen | |
| Camellia longicalyx Hung T.Chang | |
| Camellia longipedicellata (Hu) Hung T.Chang & D.Fang | |
| Camellia longissima Hung T.Chang & S.Ye Liang | |
| Camellia loshanensis S.S.Ying | |
| Camellia lucii Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia luongii Ninh & Le | |
| Camellia lutchuensis T.Itô | |
| Camellia luteocalpandria S.X.Yang & E.D.Liu | |
| Camellia luteocerata Orel | |
| Camellia luteoflora Y.K.Li ex Hung T.Chang & F.A.Zeng | |
| Camellia luteonerva Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia luteopallida V.D.Luong, T.Q.T.Nguyen & Luu | |
| Camellia mairei (H.Lév.) Melch. | |
| Camellia maoniushanensis J.L.Liu & Q.Luo | |
| Camellia megasepala Hung T.Chang & Trin Ninh | |
| Camellia melliana Hand.-Mazz. | |
| Camellia micrantha S.Ye Liang & Y.C.Zhong | |
| Camellia mileensis T.L.Ming | |
| Camellia mingii S.X.Yang | |
| Camellia minima Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia mollis Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren | |
| Camellia multigemma Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia murauchii Ninh & Hakoda | |
| Camellia namkadingensis Soulad. & Tagane | |
| Camellia nematodea (Gagnep.) Sealy | |
| Camellia neriifolia Hung T.Chang | |
| Camellia nervosa (Gagnep.) Hung T.Chang | |
| Camellia ngheanensis N.D.Do, V.D.Luong, N.S.Lý, T.H.Lê & D.H.Nguyễn | |
| Camellia ninhii V.D.Luong & Le | |
| Camellia oleifera C.Abel | |
| Camellia pachyandra Hu | |
| Camellia pallida Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia parviflora Merr. & Chun ex Sealy | |
| Camellia parvimuricata Hung T.Chang | |
| Camellia parvula Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia paucipunctata (Merr. & Chun) Chun | |
| Camellia pentagonalema Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia petelotii (Merr.) Sealy | |
| Camellia phanii Hakoda & Ninh | |
| Camellia philippinensis Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren | |
| Camellia phuongchiana Curry, V.H.Quach, T.T.Hoang & Q.C.Truong | |
| Camellia piloflora S.X.Yang | |
| Camellia pilosperma S.Yun Liang | |
| Camellia pingguoensis D.Fang | |
| Camellia piquetiana (Pierre) Sealy | |
| Camellia pirifructa Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia pitardii Cohen-Stuart | |
| Camellia pleurocarpa (Gagnep.) Sealy | |
| Camellia polyodonta F.C.How ex Hu | |
| Camellia proensis V.D.Luong, Dudkin & V.H.Quach | |
| Camellia psilocarpa X.G.Shi & C.X.Ye | |
| Camellia ptilophylla Hung T.Chang | |
| Camellia pubicosta Merr. | |
| Camellia pubifurfuracea Y.C.Zhong | |
| Camellia pubipetala Y.Wan & S.Z.Huang | |
| Camellia puhoatensis N.S.Lý, V.D.Luong, T.H.Lê, D.H.Nguyễn & N.D.Do | |
| Camellia pukhangensis N.D.Do, V.D.Luong, S.T.Hoang & T.H.Lê | |
| Camellia pulchella Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia punctata (Kochs) Cohen-Stuart | |
| Camellia pyriformis T.S.Hoang & T.N.Bon | |
| Camellia pyriparva Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia pyxidiacea Z.R.Xu, F.P.Chen & C.Y.Deng | |
| Camellia quangcuongii L.V.Dung, S.T. Hoang & Nhan | |
| Camellia quephongensis Hakoda ex Le | |
| Camellia quynhii V.D.Luong, V.H.Quach & T.T.Hoang | |
| Camellia reticulata Lindl. | 1 张图版 |
| Camellia rhytidocarpa Hung T.Chang & S.Ye Liang | |
| Camellia rosacea Tagane, Soulad. & Yahara | |
| Camellia rosiflora Hook. | |
| Camellia rosmannii Ninh | |
| Camellia rosthorniana Hand.-Mazz. | |
| Camellia rostrata S.X.Yang & S.F.Chai | |
| Camellia rubriflora Ninh & Hakoda | |
| Camellia rusticana Honda | |
| Camellia salicifolia Champ. | |
| Camellia saluenensis Stapf ex Bean | |
| Camellia sasanqua Thunb. | |
| Camellia scabrosa Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia sealyana T.L.Ming | |
| Camellia semiserrata C.W.Chi | |
| Camellia septempetala Hung T.Chang & L.L.Qi | |
| Camellia shuangbaiensis G.P.Yang & B.H.Wu | |
| Camellia siangensis T.K.Paul & M.P.Nayar | |
| Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze | 1 张图版 |
| Camellia sonthaiensis Luu, V.D.Luong, Q.D.Nguyen & T.Q.T.Nguyen | |
| Camellia sphamii Q.C.Truong & V.S.Le | |
| Camellia stellata Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia stuartiana Sealy | |
| Camellia subintegra P.C.Huang | |
| Camellia suddeeana D.Wei Zhao | |
| Camellia synaptica Sealy | |
| Camellia szechuanensis C.W.Chi | |
| Camellia szemaoensis Hung T.Chang | |
| Camellia tachangensis F.S.Zhang | |
| Camellia taliensis (W.W.Sm.) Melch. | |
| Camellia tenii Sealy | |
| Camellia thanxaensa Hakoda & Kirino | |
| Camellia thuanana T.T.Hoang | |
| Camellia thuongiana V.D.Luong, A.Le & T.L.Nguyen | |
| Camellia tianeensis S.Ye Liang & Y.T.Luo | |
| Camellia tienyenensis Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia tomentosa Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia tonkinensis (Pit.) Cohen-Stuart | |
| Camellia transarisanensis (Hayata) Cohen-Stuart | |
| Camellia trichoclada (Rehder) S.S.Chien | |
| Camellia triquetra Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia tsaii Hu | |
| Camellia tsingpienensis Hu | |
| Camellia tuberculata S.S.Chien | |
| Camellia tungyanshanensis S.S.Ying | |
| Camellia tuyenquangensis V.D.Luong, Le & Ninh | |
| Camellia uraku Kitam. | |
| Camellia vanlangensis V.D.Luong & V.T.Pham | |
| Camellia velutina V.T.Pham, V.D.Luong & Aver. | |
| Camellia venusta Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia × vernalis (Makino) Makino | |
| Camellia villicarpa S.S.Chien | |
| Camellia viridicalyx Hung T.Chang & S.Ye Liang | |
| Camellia vuquangensis V.D.Luong, Ninh & L.T.Nguyen | |
| Camellia wardii Kobuski | |
| Camellia wilkesiana Orel & Curry | |
| Camellia × williamsii W.W.Sm. | |
| Camellia xanthochroma K.M.Feng & L.S.Xie | |
| Camellia yangii D.Wei Zhao | |
| Camellia yokdonensis Dung bis & Hakoda | |
| Camellia yunnanensis (Pit. ex Diels) Cohen-Stuart | |
| Camellia zhaiana S.X.Yang | |
| Camellia zijinica M.Lin, Q.L.Ye & Q.Fan |
历史图谱
图版按年代排列；图上印的名字保留原样，现行名称见各种的资料页或专题页。
Camellia japonica
Curtis's Botanical Magazine · 42 · 1788
Thea chinensis
Curtis's Botanical Magazine · 998 · 1807
Sydenham Edwards
Camellia japonica
Edwards's Botanical Register · 22 · 1815
Sydenham Edwards, Smith
Camellia reticulata
Curtis's Botanical Magazine · 2784 · 1827
William Jackson Hooker, Joseph Swan
栽培与安全
RHS 介绍，山茶是好种的常绿灌木，必须种在酸性土里（pH 低于 7），和杜鹃花对土壤的要求相同。花期按类群分：茶梅 C. sasanqua 的品种秋冬开花，山茶 C. japonica 和 C. × williamsii 的品种在冬末早春开花。夏季要保持浇水充足，因为这时正在形成来年的花芽；夏季干旱，以及过量或夏末施肥都会导致落蕾，7 月底以后不要再施肥。
ASPCA 把山茶 C. japonica 列为对狗、猫和马无毒。