# Floreboard (芳华绘)

> Floreboard is an AI design and operations assistant for florists and floral studios. It designs arrangements from a shop's real inventory, reviews every design against professional rules (style schools, cultural taboos, vase life, season, pet safety, holiday pricing), tracks cost and margin, deducts stock, and remembers repeat clients. Web app in English, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, French and Spanish.

The pages below are static, factual references generated from the same knowledge base the product uses. Values are typical trade ranges, reviewed 2026-10-31 (knowledge base 2026-10-31.3). Every page has a Markdown copy at its URL plus `index.md`, and a Chinese edition under `/zh/`. Japanese (`/ja/`) and Korean (`/ko/`) editions cover the flower guide and most guides. French (`/fr/`) and Spanish (`/es/`) currently cover the ten newly added A–C floral materials and their indexes; other reference pages are not yet translated.

## Product
- [Floreboard overview](https://floreboard.com/en/): Design arrangements from your stock with AI, with automatic school and cultural review, pet-safety checks, cost and margin, inventory deduction and client memory.
- [How Floreboard works](https://floreboard.com/en/features/): How florists use Floreboard: enter stock, describe the order, generate a costed design, have it reviewed automatically, share it with the client and make it from a production sheet that deducts inventory.
- [Pricing](https://floreboard.com/en/pricing/): 30 free credits on sign-up; a design costs 1 credit and a default 1K preview image 5. Credit packs from $4.99; Pro plans $9.90 / $89.00.
- [Floreboard FAQ](https://floreboard.com/en/faq/): Answers to 16 common questions about Floreboard, the AI design and operations assistant for florists: what it does, how designs are reviewed, credits and pricing, languages and data.
- [Open the app](https://floreboard.com/): sign up free (30 credits; a design costs 1 credit, a preview image 5)

## Flower guide
- [Flower guide (157 flowers)](https://floreboard.com/en/flowers/): Quick reference for 157 cut flowers, branches and foliage: botanical name, role, vase life, season, fragrance and pet toxicity — the same data Floreboard uses to review arrangements.
- One page per flower at https://floreboard.com/en/flowers/{slug}/ — botanical name, family, role, vase life, season, fragrance, colours, meaning, handling, suitability, substitutes and holiday price surges. Slugs: rose, sunflower, hydrangea, lily, tulip, carnation, gerbera, lisianthus, gypsophila, chamomile, strelitzia, orchid, peony, herbaceous-peony, chrysanthemum, narcissus, plum, wintersweet, acacia, astrantia, amaranthus, amaryllis, moluccella, bupleurum, curcuma, campanula, crocosmia, cherry, peach, crabapple, camellia, iris, delphinium, anemone, eucalyptus, monstera, bamboo, pine, maple, redbean, calla, freesia, hyacinth, lilyvalley, stock, gomphrena, statice, gardenia, jasmine, lavender, zinnia, dahlia, anthurium, celosia, dendrobium, lotus, waterlily, craspedia, queenannes, protea, waxflower, clematis, lupin, snapdragon, poppy, salvia, daisy, cosmos, calendula, marigold, cornflower, aster, magnolia, wisteria, forsythia, willow, pussywillow, dogwood, azalea, spiraea, osmanthus, nandina, persimmon, lotuspod, asparagus, palm, ivy, fatsia, dustymiller, holly, cotton, wheat, ranunculus, trachelium, alstroemeria, gladiolus, sweetpea, scabiosa, hellebore, agapanthus, allium, astilbe, eryngium, leucospermum, kangaroopaw, heliconia, tuberose, solidago, ornithogalum, muscari, bouvardia, veronica, leucadendron, banksia, lilac, viburnum, hypericum, salal, leatherleaf, aspidistra, pittosporum, myrtle, curlywillow, juniper, ginkgo, pear, purpleleafplum, photinia, lonicera, sorbaria, loquat, hosta, typha, irislactea, lythrum, physostegia, acorus, artemisia, hollyhock, pomegranate, hemerocallis, lycoris, begonia, pyracantha, buddhahand, lingzhi, rohdea, cercis, winterjasmine, daphne, kerria, crapemyrtle, celastrus, bougainvillea, sagittaria, thalia, cordyline

## Botanical reference
- [Reference library](https://floreboard.com/en/library/): Reference material for florists and plant lovers: a flower guide for quick answers, historic botanical plates, and in-depth libraries by plant group. Every page cites its sources.
- Plant reference pages: accepted name, place of publication, synonyms, native range and accepted species checked against WCVP, with the cited sources and a dated public-domain plate. English and Chinese (`/zh/plants/…`):
- [Phalaenopsis Blume — moth orchids](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/phalaenopsis/): Phalaenopsis Blume (1825): classification, the 93 species accepted by WCVP, genera now included, native range and 11 historic plates, with sources.
- [Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume — moon orchid](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/phalaenopsis-amabilis/): Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume: basionym Epidendrum amabile L. (1753), 3 subspecies and their synonyms, native range, and the names on 6 historic plates matched to current names, with sources.
- [Rosa L. — roses](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/rosa/): Rosa L. (1753): how to recognise the genus, the 422 species accepted by WCVP, generic names now included, native range and 8 historic plates, with sources.
- [Rosa chinensis Jacq. — China rose](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/rosa-chinensis/): Rosa chinensis Jacq.: source of repeat flowering, synonyms and misapplied names in WCVP, native and introduced range, and the names on 2 historic plates matched to current names, with sources.
- [Rosa rugosa Thunb. — rugosa rose](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/rosa-rugosa/): Rosa rugosa Thunb.: description, synonyms in WCVP, native and introduced range, and the names on 3 historic plates matched to current names, with sources.
- [Chrysanthemum L. — chrysanthemums](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/chrysanthemum/): Chrysanthemum L. (1753): the name, the 41 species accepted by WCVP, what became of Dendranthema, native range and 6 historic plates, with sources.
- [Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl. — florist’s chrysanthemum](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/chrysanthemum-morifolium/): Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl.: basionym Matricaria × morifolia Ramat. (1792), synonyms under Dendranthema and Pyrethrum, the misapplied name C. indicum, and the names on 6 historic plates matched to current names, with sources.
- [Hydrangea Gronov. ex L. — hydrangeas](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/hydrangea/): Hydrangea (1753): the 103 species accepted by WCVP, the genera such as Dichroa and Schizophragma now included, native range and 6 historic plates, with sources.
- [Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. — bigleaf hydrangea](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/hydrangea-macrophylla/): Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.: basionym Viburnum macrophyllum Thunb. (1784), more than 70 synonyms including Hortensia, its Japanese native range, and the names on 4 historic plates matched to current names, with sources.
- [Cymbidium Sw. — boat orchids](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/cymbidium/): Cymbidium Sw. (1799): classification, the 118 species accepted by WCVP, genera now included, native range and garden hybrids, with sources.
- [Cymbidium faberi Rolfe — Faber’s cymbidium](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/cymbidium-faberi/): Cymbidium faberi Rolfe (1896): classic Chinese orchid, native distribution in WCVP, synonyms and historical literature, with sources.
- [Lilium Tourn. ex L. — lilies](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/lilium/): Lilium Tourn. ex L. (1753): classification, the 138 species accepted by WCVP, native range, commercial hybrid divisions and postharvest care, with sources.
- [Helianthus L. — sunflowers](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/helianthus/): Helianthus L. (1753): diagnostic characters, the 68 species accepted by WCVP and their native range, and harvest, storage and vase care for cut sunflowers (H. annuus), with sources.
- [Dahlia Cav. — dahlias](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/dahlia/): Dahlia Cav. (1791): native from Mexico to Colombia, the 43 species accepted by WCVP and their range; garden flower-form groups, overwintering tubers, and short storage, hydration and botrytis in the cut flower, with sources.
- [Zantedeschia Spreng. — calla lilies and arum lilies](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/zantedeschia/): Zantedeschia Spreng. (1826): endemic to Africa, the 10 species accepted by WCVP and their range; white arum and coloured callas, spathe and spadix, and harvest, handling and sap in the cut flower, with sources.
- [Ranunculus L. — buttercups](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/ranunculus/): Ranunculus L. (1753): the 1827 species accepted by WCVP, their range and the genus characters; origin, tuber planting, ethylene sensitivity and botrytis in the cut-flower Persian buttercup, R. asiaticus, with sources.
- [Narcissus L. — daffodils](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/narcissus/): Narcissus L. (1753): the 179 species accepted by WCVP and their native range, the identity of the Chinese sacred lily, the 13 horticultural divisions, and why cut daffodils go in their own bucket, with sources.
- [Alstroemeria L. — alstroemerias (Peruvian lilies)](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/alstroemeria/): Alstroemeria L. (1762): native to South America, the 138 species accepted by WCVP and their range; how to pick garden stems, and harvest stage, ethylene sensitivity and leaf yellowing in the cut flower, with sources.
- [Dendrobium Sw. — dendrobium orchids](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/dendrobium/): Dendrobium Sw. (1799): the second-largest orchid genus, the 1623 species accepted by WCVP and their range; growing the phalaenopsis-type hybrids, and storage temperature, ethylene and water stress in the cut flower, with sources.
- [Oncidium Sw. — oncidiums](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/oncidium/): Oncidium Sw. (1800): a tropical American orchid genus, the 373 species accepted by WCVP and their range; the wider genus after Odontoglossum and others were merged into it, and light, temperature, watering and humidity in cultivation, with sources.
- [Vanda R.Br. — vandas](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/vanda/): Vanda R.Br. (1821): monopodial epiphytic orchids, the 97 species accepted by WCVP and their range; the wider genus after Neofinetia and Ascocentrum were merged in, and light, temperature, watering and basket culture, with sources.
- [Prunus L. — cherries, plums, peaches and almonds](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/prunus/): Prunus L. (1753): cherries, plums, peaches and apricots in one genus, the 417 species accepted by WCVP and their range; genus characters, ornamental cherry flowers and planting, and the cyanogenic glycosides in stems, leaves and seeds, with sources.
- [Hippeastrum Herb. — hippeastrums (amaryllis)](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/hippeastrum/): Hippeastrum Herb. (1821): sold as “amaryllis” but distinct from the South African genus Amaryllis; the 119 species accepted by WCVP and their range, potting and timing, and toxicity, with sources.
- [Gladiolus Tourn. ex L. — gladioli](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/gladiolus/): Gladiolus Tourn. ex L. (1753): the 305 species accepted by WCVP and their range, corms and flower spikes; growing and cutting garden hybrids, and upright storage, fluoride sensitivity and ethylene in the cut flower, with sources.
- [Freesia Eckl. ex Klatt — freesias](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/freesia/): Freesia Eckl. ex Klatt (1866): native from East to southern Africa, the 17 species accepted by WCVP and their range; corms, harvest stage, and desiccation, fluoride and ethylene in the cut flower, with sources.
- [Iris Tourn. ex L. — irises](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/iris/): Iris Tourn. ex L. (1753): the 348 species accepted by WCVP and their range, now including Belamcanda; bulb irises and Dutch iris in the garden, and pencil-stage harvest and toxicity in the cut flower, with sources.
- [Hyacinthus Tourn. ex L. — hyacinths](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/hyacinthus/): Hyacinthus Tourn. ex L. (1753): WCVP accepts only 3 species, all from western Asia; the wild hyacinth’s range, prepared bulbs and forcing in water indoors, and toxicity to pets, with sources.
- [Anemone L. — anemones](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/anemone/): Anemone L. (1753): the 113 species accepted by WCVP and their range, and why the “petals” are sepals; origin, planting, harvest stage and ethylene sensitivity of the cut-flower poppy anemone, with sources.
- [Delphinium Tourn. ex L. — delphiniums and larkspurs](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/delphinium/): Delphinium L. (1753): now including the larkspurs (Consolida), the 546 species accepted by WCVP and their range; the spurred flowers, garden groups, cut-flower harvest and ethylene shattering, and toxicity, with sources.
- [Solidago L. — goldenrods](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/solidago/): Solidago L. (1753): the 151 species accepted by WCVP and their range, including Canada goldenrod introduced in China; harvest stage, heavy water uptake and leaf yellowing in the cut flower, with sources.
- [Protea L. — proteas](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/protea/): Protea L. (1771): the 107 species accepted by WCVP and their range, the name and the ancient protea family; the king protea’s flower head, and why cut proteas dislike deep chilling and blacken their leaves, with sources.
- [Leucadendron R.Br. — conebushes](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/leucadendron/): Leucadendron R.Br. (1810): endemic to South Africa, the 85 species accepted by WCVP and their range; separate male and female plants, woody female cones, the silver tree behind the name, and the parents of the cut-foliage cultivar ‘Safari Sunset’, with sources.
- [Monstera Adans. — monsteras](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/monstera/): Monstera Adans. (1763): the 73 species accepted by WCVP and their range, perforated leaves and aerial roots; where the Swiss cheese plant comes from, light, temperature and watering indoors, and toxicity, with sources.
- [Spathiphyllum Schott — peace lilies](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/spathiphyllum/): Spathiphyllum Schott (1832): split between the Americas and Malesia, the 76 species accepted by WCVP; the white spathe, and light, temperature, watering and fluoride sensitivity indoors, and toxicity to pets, with sources.
- [Epipremnum Schott — pothos and other epipremnums](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/epipremnum/): Epipremnum Schott (1857): the 15 species accepted by WCVP and their range; pothos, E. aureum, native to the Society Islands and how it got its name, light and watering indoors, and toxicity to pets, with sources.
- [Philodendron Schott — philodendrons](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/philodendron/): Philodendron Schott (1829): a large aroid genus, the 631 species accepted by WCVP and their range; climbing and self-heading forms, resin-secreting inflorescences, and light, temperature and watering indoors, and irritant sap, with sources.
- [Camellia L. — camellias](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/camellia/): Camellia L. (1753): tea and camellias in one genus, the 245 species accepted by WCVP and their range; where the camellia comes from, flowering groups, acid soil and bud drop, and its safety for pets, with sources.
- [Rhododendron L. — rhododendrons and azaleas](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/rhododendron/): Rhododendron L. (1753): the 1234 species accepted by WCVP and their range, rhododendrons and azaleas alike; genus characters, acid soil and rainwater, when flower buds form, and toxicity to pets, with sources.
- [Chimonanthus Lindl. — wintersweets](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/chimonanthus/): Chimonanthus Lindl. (1819): a small genus endemic to China, of which WCVP accepts just 6 species; how wintersweet got its name, its scented winter flowers, and growing it in the garden, with sources.
- [Salix L. — willows](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/salix/): Salix L. (1753): the 698 species accepted by WCVP, many of them natural hybrids; where weeping willow and the cut pussy willow come from, catkins, pollarding and cuttings, with sources.
- [Acacia Mill. — wattles](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/acacia/): Acacia Mill. (1754): the 1092 species accepted by WCVP and their range, with Vachellia and Senegalia now split off; phyllodes and bipinnate leaves, and the origin and growing of florists’ mimosa, A. dealbata, with sources.
- [Eucalyptus L'Hér. — eucalypts](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/eucalyptus/): Eucalyptus L’Hér. (1789): the 816 species accepted by WCVP and their range; juvenile versus adult leaves, the operculum, where florists’ round-leaved eucalyptus comes from, storage, ethylene and drying, and toxicity to pets, with sources.
- [Strelitzia Banks — bird-of-paradise flowers](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/strelitzia/): Strelitzia Banks (1788): endemic to southern Africa, the 6 species accepted by WCVP; the bird-of-paradise’s inflorescence, name and wild range, storage temperature, opening and hydration of the cut flower, and toxicity to pets, with sources.
- [Antirrhinum L. — snapdragons](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/antirrhinum/): Antirrhinum L. (1753): native to the Mediterranean, the 35 species accepted by WCVP and their range; harvest stage, ethylene shattering and geotropic bending in the cut snapdragon, with sources.
- [Matthiola W.T.Aiton — stocks](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/matthiola/): Matthiola W.T.Aiton (1812): the 54 species accepted by WCVP and their range, and genus characters; harvest stage, ethylene sensitivity, fouled water and the clove-like scent of the cut stock, with sources.
- [Agapanthus L'Hér. — African lilies](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/agapanthus/): Agapanthus L’Hér. (1788): native to southern Africa, the 8 species accepted by WCVP and their range; how evergreen and deciduous types differ in hardiness, and when to buy, how cold to store, vase life and ethylene-induced floret drop of the cut flower, with sources.
- [Limonium Mill. — sea lavenders](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/limonium/): Limonium Mill. (1754): the 626 species accepted by WCVP and their range, with florists’ statice, L. sinuatum, and the sea-lavender fillers; the coloured part is a papery calyx, not petals; harvest, storage, vase life, grey mould and odour of the cut flower, and hang-drying, with sources.
- [Nelumbo Adans. — lotuses](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/nelumbo/): Nelumbo Adans. (1763): the 2 species accepted by WCVP — the Asian sacred lotus N. nucifera and the American N. lutea, the only genus of its family; leaf, flower and receptacle (the lotus pod), flowering season and wild range, and handling fresh and dried pods as florists’ material, with sources.
- [Asparagus Tourn. ex L. — asparagus](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/asparagus/): Asparagus (Linnaeus 1753): the 211 species accepted by WCVP and their range; the green “leaves” are cladodes and the true leaves are scales; asparagus fern, A. setaceus, comes from southern Africa and is not a fern; storage, vase life, dehydration and common diseases of the cut foliage, and toxicity to pets, with sources.
- [Dracaena Vand. ex L. — dragon trees](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/dracaena/): Dracaena (1767): the 225 species accepted by WCVP and their range; a 2018 molecular study merged the snake plants, Sansevieria, into the genus, so the snake plant is now D. trifasciata; lucky bamboo, D. sanderiana, comes from west-central Africa and in water culture suffers from fluoride and chlorine; the genus is toxic to cats and dogs, with sources.
- [Nephrolepis Schott — sword ferns](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/nephrolepis/): Nephrolepis Schott (1834): the 35 species accepted by WCVP and their range; stolons and tubers, pinnae and sori, and the fishbone fern N. cordifolia in China; the florists’ “sword fern” and “leatherleaf” are often other genera; listed by the ASPCA as non-toxic to cats and dogs, with sources.
- [Clivia Lindl. — clivias](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/clivia/): Clivia Lindl. (1828): endemic to South Africa, the 8 species accepted by WCVP, including C. miniata and C. nobilis; pot plants need a cool, fairly dry winter rest at about 10 °C to flower; the plant contains lycorine and is toxic to cats and dogs, with sources.
- [Pachira Aubl. — pachiras](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/pachira/): Pachira Aubl. (1775): native to tropical America, the 54 species accepted by WCVP; the money tree is usually labelled P. aquatica, while WCVP also keeps P. glabra of south-eastern Brazil; palmate leaves, petals up to 15 cm and woody capsules, the origin of braided pot plants, care, and pet safety, with sources.
- [Guzmania Ruiz & Pav. — guzmanias](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/guzmania/): Guzmania Ruiz & Pav. (1802): a bromeliad genus of Florida to tropical America, the 217 species accepted by WCVP; the scarlet star, G. lingulata, is mostly epiphytic and takes up water through the cups at its leaf bases, which should be flushed regularly; and bromeliads and pets, with sources.
- [Cyclamen L. — cyclamens](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/cyclamen/): Cyclamen L. (1753): native from Europe to Iran and north-eastern Somalia, the 31 species accepted by WCVP; florist’s cyclamen, C. persicum, is a tuberous geophyte of the eastern Mediterranean that likes it cool, hates water on the tuber and goes dormant in summer after flowering; the tubers contain saponins and are toxic to cats and dogs, with sources.
- [Kalanchoe Adans. — kalanchoes](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/kalanchoe/): Kalanchoe Adans. (1763): the 203 species accepted by WCVP across the Old World tropics and subtropics, with Bryophyllum now included; flaming Katy, K. blossfeldiana, comes from north-eastern Madagascar, was brought into cultivation by Blossfeld in 1932 and needs about six weeks of long nights to set buds; it contains bufadienolides and is toxic to cats and dogs, with sources.
- [Euphorbia L. — spurges](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/euphorbia/): Euphorbia L. (1753): a cosmopolitan giant genus, the 2123 species accepted by WCVP; all parts carry white latex and the “flower” is a cyathium; the poinsettia, E. pulcherrima, comes from Mexico to Guatemala, its red parts are bracts, and it colours after about 14 hours of darkness a night; the sap is irritant but its toxicity is overrated, with sources.
- [Ficus Tourn. ex L. — figs](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/ficus/): Ficus (Linnaeus 1753): the 893 species accepted by WCVP across the tropics and subtropics; the “fruit” is a syconium with the flowers inside, pollinated by specialised fig wasps; the origins and characters of the rubber plant, fiddle-leaf fig, weeping fig and Chinese banyan grown indoors, and toxicity to pets, with sources.
- [Historic botanical plates](https://floreboard.com/en/library/#plates): 208 public-domain plates (1613–1912), each with the name printed on it, the current accepted name, the artist and engraver as signed, and a link to the original scan.
- Topic libraries (in Chinese, with cited sources: botany, postharvest handling, growing, troubleshooting, standards and historic plates): [Moth orchid (Phalaenopsis) 蝴蝶兰](https://floreboard.com/phalaenopsis/) · [Cymbidium hybrids 大花蕙兰](https://floreboard.com/cymbidium/) · [Cymbidium faberi (Chinese orchid) 蕙兰（国兰）](https://floreboard.com/huilan/) · [Roses (Rosa) 月季](https://floreboard.com/rose/) · [Chrysanthemums 菊花](https://floreboard.com/chrysanthemum/) · [Hydrangeas 绣球](https://floreboard.com/hydrangea/) · [Lilies (Lilium) 百合](https://floreboard.com/lily/) · [Carnations (Dianthus) 康乃馨](https://floreboard.com/carnation/) · [Tulips (Tulipa) 郁金香](https://floreboard.com/tulip/) · [Gerberas (Gerbera) 非洲菊](https://floreboard.com/gerbera/) · [Baby's breath (Gypsophila) 满天星](https://floreboard.com/gypsophila/) · [Peonies (Paeonia) 芍药](https://floreboard.com/peony/) · [Lisianthus (Eustoma) 洋桔梗](https://floreboard.com/eustoma/) · [Anthurium (Anthurium) 红掌](https://floreboard.com/anthurium/)
- [Work plan and progress (中文)](https://floreboard.com/zh/library/plan/): which families and genera are covered and how far each has got.

## Guides: Seasons, stock and price
- [Seasonal flower chart](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/seasonal-flowers/): Which cut flowers, branches and foliage are in season in spring, summer, autumn and winter, plus year-round staples — for seasonal buying and design.
- [Holiday flower price calendar](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/holiday-flower-prices/): A florist's stocking calendar: which flowers rise in price before each holiday, typical surges and how far ahead to stock up, with 2026–2028 dates.
- [How florists price arrangements: cost, markup and margin](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/florist-pricing-and-margin/): How to price a flower arrangement: the four numbers that matter, a markup-to-margin table, two checks to run on every quote, and a worked example of what a holiday price surge does to your margin.
- [Flower arrangement checklist before delivery](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/arrangement-checklist/): 23 checks professional florists run before delivery: balance, vase life, season, cultural taboos, pet safety, style rules, stock and margin — the same rules Floreboard applies automatically.

## Guides: Choosing flowers
- [Cut flower vase life chart](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/flower-vase-life/): Common cut flowers ranked by vase life, to help florists combine stems and plan delivery times.
- [Longest-lasting cut flowers](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/long-lasting-flowers/): 18 cut flowers that typically last ten days or more in a vase, with season, fragrance and pet safety — for weekly contract flowers, gifts that travel and bouquets meant to last.
- [Fragrant cut flowers](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/fragrant-flowers/): 19 strongly scented cut flowers and branches with their seasons and vase life, the lightly scented alternatives, and where fragrance is welcome or best avoided.
- [Unscented and low-pollen flowers](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/unscented-flowers/): 58 cut flowers with little or no scent and no heavy pollen — for scent-sensitive clients, dining tables and hospitals — with vase life, season and pet safety, plus what to avoid.
- [Flowers by colour](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/flowers-by-color/): Find cut flowers by colour. 88 flowers sorted into eight colour families, each with season, vase life, fragrance and pet safety.
- [Foliage and branches for arrangements](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/foliage-and-branches/): 20 foliages and 35 branches used in floristry, with vase life, season, pet safety and a handling note for each — plus how to split, force and deliver flowering branches.
- [Flowers that dry well](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/flowers-for-drying/): 29 cut flowers, branches and textures that keep their shape and colour when dried, with three drying methods and the flowers that do not dry at all.
- [Commonly confused flowers](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/commonly-confused-flowers/): Peony or ranunculus? Calla or lily? Stock or violet? The flowers florists and clients most often mix up, how to tell them apart, and why the difference matters for pets, taboos and vase life.

## Guides: Occasions and customs
- [Flowers by occasion](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/flowers-by-occasion/): A one-page reference for choosing flowers by occasion — romance, Mother's Day, birthdays, weddings, openings, graduation, hospital visits, sympathy and Lunar New Year — with what to avoid for each.
- [Wedding flowers by season](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/wedding-flowers/): Choosing wedding and bridal flowers: long-lasting, pollen-free choices by season, stems that need extra care, and taboos for Chinese, Japanese and Korean weddings.
- [Birthday flowers](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/birthday-flowers/): Choosing birthday flowers: long-lasting focal flowers for each season, birth month flowers, and the pet, scent and cultural checks to run before designing.
- [Flowers for a business opening](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/business-opening-flowers/): What to send for a shop or business opening: auspicious flowers and colours in Chinese practice, long-lasting stems for opening stands, and the taboos to avoid.
- [Flowers for a hospital visit: what to send and avoid](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/hospital-flowers/): What to send to a patient and what to avoid: strong scents, heavy pollen, potted plants in Chinese custom, chrysanthemum and number taboos, and good choices.
- [Funeral and sympathy flowers: customs by culture](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/funeral-flowers/): Which flowers and colours suit funerals and condolences in China, Japan, Korea, Europe and North America — and what to avoid.
- [How many flowers to give: meanings and taboos by culture](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/flower-numbers/): What 1, 3, 9, 11, 12 or 99 flowers mean, and number taboos across cultures: 4 in East Asia, 9 in Japan, even numbers in Russia and Eastern Europe.
- [Flower colour meanings across cultures](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/flower-color-meanings/): What flower colours mean in Western, Chinese, Japanese, Korean and other traditions — and the colours to avoid for weddings, funerals, hospital visits and gifts abroad.
- [Flower meanings: the language of flowers](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/flower-meanings/): The popular meanings of 83 cut flowers and branches — Western flower language alongside Chinese and Japanese symbolism — with season and colours for each.
- [Birth month flowers](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/birth-month-flowers/): The birth flowers for all twelve months in the British and American tradition, with each flower's season, pet safety and tips for working it into a birthday bouquet.
- [Wedding anniversary flowers by year](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/anniversary-flowers/): The traditional flower for each wedding anniversary from the 1st to the 50th, with season, vase life and pet safety, and what to do when the flower is out of season.

## Guides: Craft and safety
- [Cut flower care and conditioning guide](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/cut-flower-care/): How florists condition cut flowers so they last: seven steps for every stem, plus the flowers that need shallow water, searing, splitting, no fridge or no fruit nearby.
- [Pet-safe flowers for cats and dogs](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/pet-safe-flowers/): Before sending flowers to a home with pets: common cut flowers that are highly toxic to cats or mildly toxic to cats and dogs, and what florists can do.
- [Floral design styles compared](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/floral-design-styles/): Key traits of the main Japanese, Chinese and European floral design styles, and the typical stem counts and number of materials for each.
- [Floristry glossary](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/floristry-glossary/): 31 floristry terms explained in plain language, each with its Chinese equivalent: design roles, ikebana vocabulary, mechanics, conditioning and pricing.

## By season, holiday and colour
- [Spring flowers in season](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/seasonal-flowers/spring/)
- [Summer flowers in season](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/seasonal-flowers/summer/)
- [Autumn flowers in season](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/seasonal-flowers/autumn/)
- [Winter flowers in season](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/seasonal-flowers/winter/)
- [Valentine's Day: florist stocking guide (Worldwide; 2–3× wholesale, stock up 21 days ahead)](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/holidays/valentines-day/)
- [Chinese New Year: florist stocking guide (Chinese mainland; 1.5–3× wholesale, stock up 30 days ahead)](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/holidays/chinese-new-year/)
- [Women's Day: florist stocking guide (Chinese mainland; 1.2–1.5× wholesale, stock up 14 days ahead)](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/holidays/womens-day/)
- [White Day: florist stocking guide (Japan, Korea; 1.2–1.5× wholesale, stock up 14 days ahead)](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/holidays/white-day/)
- [Qingming: florist stocking guide (Chinese mainland; 1.5–2× wholesale, stock up 14 days ahead)](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/holidays/qingming/)
- [Mother's Day: florist stocking guide (Chinese mainland, United States, Japan; 1.5–2.5× wholesale, stock up 21 days ahead)](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/holidays/mothers-day/)
- [Parents' Day: florist stocking guide (Korea; 1.5–2.5× wholesale, stock up 21 days ahead)](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/holidays/korean-parents-day/)
- [520 (May 20): florist stocking guide (Chinese mainland; 1.5–2× wholesale, stock up 14 days ahead)](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/holidays/520/)
- [Qixi: florist stocking guide (Chinese mainland; 1.5–2.5× wholesale, stock up 21 days ahead)](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/holidays/qixi/)
- [Teachers' Day: florist stocking guide (Chinese mainland; 1.2–1.5× wholesale, stock up 14 days ahead)](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/holidays/chinese-teachers-day/)
- [Christmas: florist stocking guide (Worldwide; 1.2–1.6× wholesale, stock up 30 days ahead)](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/holidays/christmas/)
- [Red flowers](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/flowers-by-color/red/)
- [Pink flowers](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/flowers-by-color/pink/)
- [White flowers](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/flowers-by-color/white/)
- [Yellow flowers](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/flowers-by-color/yellow/)
- [Orange flowers](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/flowers-by-color/orange/)
- [Purple flowers](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/flowers-by-color/purple/)
- [Blue flowers](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/flowers-by-color/blue/)
- [Green flowers](https://floreboard.com/en/guides/flowers-by-color/green/)

## Data
- [About our data](https://floreboard.com/en/about/): Where the Floreboard flower guide gets its figures, what each one means and where it stops being reliable — plus downloadable data for 157 flowers and 11 holidays.
- [flowers.csv](https://floreboard.com/data/flowers.csv) · [flowers.json](https://floreboard.com/data/flowers.json): the full flower table
- [holidays.json](https://floreboard.com/data/holidays.json): holiday dates, affected flowers, price multiples and lead times
- [Everything in one file](https://floreboard.com/llms-full.txt)

## Optional
- [Chinese edition (中文版)](https://floreboard.com/zh/)
- [Japanese flower guide (花材図鑑)](https://floreboard.com/ja/flowers/)
- [Korean flower guide (꽃 도감)](https://floreboard.com/ko/flowers/)
- [French new-flower guide](https://floreboard.com/fr/flowers/)
- [Spanish new-flower guide](https://floreboard.com/es/flowers/)
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